Since Debian stable sometimes does not include up-to-date packages, I need to pull some packages from testing or unstable. As a result, my Debian system contains a mix of packages from different releases. To see how “mixed” my system is, I created a script and got the following result:

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==========================================================
Package status of oracle-laptop - Debian GNU/Linux 13 (trixie)
----------------------------------------------------------
 99.61 %    stable                  3089         packages
  0.06 %    unstable                   2            "
  0.32 %    not in any repo           10            "
----------------------------------------------------------
Packages not in any repo
        XXXX
        zoom
----------------------------------------------------------
100.00 %         total                3101       packages
----------------------------------------------------------

Here is the script:

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#!/usr/bin/env python3
import subprocess
import sys
import tempfile
import os

VERSION = "1.0.0"
SCRIPTNAME = os.path.basename(sys.argv[0])

PRINT_ORDER = ["stable", "testing", "unstable"]

def usage():
    print(f"""NAME
    {SCRIPTNAME} - check how mixed (or unmixed) your system is

SYNOPSIS
    {SCRIPTNAME} [OPTION]

DESCRIPTION
    The script uses apt-show-versions to gather information about
    package repositories (names, quantity and percent of the packages in system)
    used in the current Debian install.

    -m, --show-missing  Print package names that are not found in any
                        repository. These normally consist of obsolete packages
                        or packages installed outside APT.

    -h, --help          Show usage and exit.
    -V, --version       Show version info and exit.
""")
    sys.exit(0)


def version():
    print(f"{SCRIPTNAME} {VERSION}")
    sys.exit(0)


import subprocess

def pick_preferred_repo(pkg_name: str, repo: str) -> str:
    # stable/unstable already fine
    for pref in ["stable", "unstable"]:
        if repo.startswith(pref):
            return pref

    # if testing or ambiguous, refine using apt list
    if repo.startswith("testing"):
        try:
            output = subprocess.check_output(
                ["apt", "list", "-a", pkg_name],
                text=True, stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL
            )
        except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
            return "missing"

        PRIORITY = ["stable", "unstable", "testing"]

        for line in output.splitlines():
            line = line.strip()
            if "[installed" not in line:
                continue

            # Example: libnss3/testing,unstable,now 2:3.114-1 amd64 [installed,automatic]
            if "unstable" in line:
                return "unstable"

            return "testing"

    # fallback
    return "missing"

def main():
    # arg handling
    show_missing = False
    if len(sys.argv) > 1:
        arg = sys.argv[1]
        if arg in ("-h", "--help"):
            usage()
        elif arg in ("-V", "--version"):
            version()
        elif arg in ("-m", "--show-missing"):
            show_missing = True

    # check dependencies
    for dep in ["apt-show-versions", "bc"]:
        if not shutil.which(dep):
            print(f"Install {dep} first.", file=sys.stderr)
            sys.exit(1)

    # run apt-show-versions
    raw = subprocess.check_output(
        ["apt-show-versions"], text=True, errors="ignore"
    ).splitlines()

    packages = {}
    for line in raw:
        if " not installed" in line:
            continue
        parts = line.split()
        pkg = parts[0].split(":")[0]
        repo_field = parts[0].split("/")[1] if "/" in parts[0] else ""
        repo = pick_preferred_repo(pkg, repo_field)
        packages[pkg] = repo

    total = len(packages)
    counts = {r: 0 for r in PRINT_ORDER + ["missing"]}
    for repo in packages.values():
        counts[repo] += 1

    # return
    print("==========================================================")
    lsb = subprocess.getoutput("lsb_release -sd")
    host = os.uname().nodename
    print(f"Package status of {host} - {lsb}")
    print("----------------------------------------------------------")

    first = True
    for repo in PRINT_ORDER:
        if counts[repo] == 0:
            continue
        percent = counts[repo] / total * 100
        if first:
            print(f"{percent:6.2f} %    {repo:<18} {counts[repo]:9d} \t packages")
            first = False
        else:
            print(f"{percent:6.2f} %    {repo:<18} {counts[repo]:9d} \t    \"   ")

    if counts["missing"] > 0:
        percent = counts["missing"] / total * 100
        print(f"{percent:6.2f} %    {'not in any repo':<18} {counts['missing']:9d} \t    \"   ")

    print("----------------------------------------------------------")
    if show_missing and counts["missing"] > 0:
        print("Packages not in any repo")
        for pkg, repo in packages.items():
            if repo == "missing":
                print(f"\t{pkg}")
        print("----------------------------------------------------------")

    print(f"100.00 % \t total \t {total:17d} \t packages")
    print("----------------------------------------------------------")


if __name__ == "__main__":
    import shutil
    main()